{"id":3981,"date":"2020-06-21T21:45:17","date_gmt":"2020-06-21T21:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/familylawyer-thehague.nl\/?p=3981"},"modified":"2023-01-06T13:34:34","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T12:34:34","slug":"international-child-abduction-does-age-make-a-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/familylawyer-thehague.nl\/fr\/international-child-abduction-does-age-make-a-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"Enl\u00e8vement international d'enfants : l'\u00e2ge fait-il une diff\u00e9rence ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quelle diff\u00e9rence l'\u00e2ge de l'enfant fait-il lorsqu'il s'agit de la Convention de La Haye et d'une demande de retour de l'enfant dans le pays o\u00f9 il a sa r\u00e9sidence habituelle ?<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Article 4 de la Convention<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tout d'abord, l'article 4 de la convention stipule : la convention cesse de s'appliquer lorsque l'enfant atteint l'\u00e2ge de 16 ans. M\u00eame si la proc\u00e9dure a commenc\u00e9 avant que l'enfant ait 16 ans, il n'y aura pas de d\u00e9cision de retour.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>R\u00e9sistance de l'enfant<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Deuxi\u00e8mement, l'\u00e2ge de l'enfant a de l'importance lorsque l'enfant montre de la r\u00e9sistance contre un \u00e9ventuel retour. Comme vous le savez, la demande de retour de l'enfant peut \u00eatre refus\u00e9e par le tribunal, si :<\/p>\n<p>- L'enfant vit dans ce pays depuis plus d'un an et y a pris racine.<br \/>\n- Le parent qui demande le retour n'avait pas la garde de l'enfant, ou il avait consenti \u00e0 son d\u00e9placement.<br \/>\n- Il existe un risque grave que le retour de l'enfant l'expose \u00e0 un pr\u00e9judice physique ou psychologique ou le place dans une situation intol\u00e9rable.<br \/>\n- si la juridiction constate que l'enfant s'oppose \u00e0 son retour et que l'enfant est de <strong>un \u00e2ge et une maturit\u00e9<\/strong>ce qui justifie que son avis soit pris en compte.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Cette derni\u00e8re phrase ne signifie pas que l'enfant a le droit de choisir. Le fait d'avoir une pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l'un des pays ne signifie pas n\u00e9cessairement que l'enfant s'oppose \u00e0 un \u00e9ventuel retour. De plus, le tribunal peut essayer d'interpr\u00e9ter les propos de l'enfant, plut\u00f4t que de les prendre au pied de la lettre.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Tuteur ad litem<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Quand le tribunal estime-t-il qu'un enfant a un \u00e2ge et une maturit\u00e9 qui justifient que l'on tienne compte de son avis ? Le tribunal peut demander l'avis d'un psychologue. C'est ce qu'on appelle un tuteur ad litem. Il est nomm\u00e9 par le tribunal pour \u00e9tudier les solutions qui seraient dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat de l'enfant. Le tuteur ad litem peut \u00e9galement avoir un avis sur la maturit\u00e9 de l'enfant. Il peut \u00eatre demand\u00e9 au tuteur d'indiquer si l'enfant est capable ou non de se forger sa propre opinion. Le fait de vivre dans un autre pays avec un seul des parents pendant un certain temps, au cours d'une proc\u00e9dure judiciaire o\u00f9 les parents ont des int\u00e9r\u00eats contradictoires, peut amener l'enfant \u00e0 choisir un camp. Cela peut \u00eatre le r\u00e9sultat de l'isolement et du sentiment de d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis de ce seul parent.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Entretion avec un enfant<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>La Convention n'exige pas du tribunal qu'il parle au mineur. Cependant, les pays de l'UE (\u00e0 l'exception du Danemark) sont li\u00e9s par le r\u00e8glement Brussel II bis. L'article 11 de ce r\u00e8glement stipule que dans une proc\u00e9dure judiciaire d'enl\u00e8vement, l'enfant doit avoir la possibilit\u00e9 d'\u00eatre entendu.<br \/>\nAux Pays-Bas, les tribunaux invitent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 12 ans et plus \u00e0 donner leur avis, dans une lettre ou lors d'un bref entretien avec l'enfant. Dans les proc\u00e9dures d'enl\u00e8vement, la limite est abaiss\u00e9e \u00e0 6 ans et plus. Les parents peuvent demander sp\u00e9cifiquement au tribunal d'inviter leur enfant, s'il a moins de 6 ans. Dans d'autres pays, les enfants sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 un plus jeune \u00e2ge.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Exception pour risque grave<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Lorsque le tribunal doit d\u00e9cider si le retour de l'enfant l'exposerait \u00e0 un pr\u00e9judice physique ou psychologique ou le placerait dans une situation intol\u00e9rable, l'\u00e2ge est \u00e9galement pertinent. Le simple fait que le retour d'un enfant risque de le s\u00e9parer du parent ravisseur ne signifie pas que la demande de retour doit \u00eatre rejet\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>De m\u00eame, le simple fait que l'enfant soit tr\u00e8s jeune ne permet pas de tirer cette conclusion. Il doit y avoir d'autres circonstances pertinentes pour conclure qu'il existe un risque grave, comme mentionn\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment. Un fait pertinent peut \u00eatre que l'enfant est en phase d'attachement avec le parent dont il peut \u00eatre s\u00e9par\u00e9, par exemple en raison de l'absence de visa ou de permis de s\u00e9jour.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>R\u00e9sidence habituelle d'un enfant en bas \u00e2ge<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Le tribunal peut d\u00e9cider que l'enfant doit \u00eatre renvoy\u00e9 dans le pays o\u00f9 il a sa r\u00e9sidence habituelle. Il s'agit de l'endroit o\u00f9, en fait, se trouve le centre de sa vie. Normalement, le tribunal examinera des \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels que l'\u00e9cole, les activit\u00e9s, le traitement m\u00e9dical, les liens sociaux, etc. Pour un nourrisson, une approche diff\u00e9rente est n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<p>Heureusement, il existe un grand nombre de d\u00e9cisions judiciaires ant\u00e9rieures concernant la d\u00e9termination de la r\u00e9sidence habituelle d'un enfant. Si l'enfant est n\u00e9 dans un certain pays, il peut \u00eatre pertinent de savoir si les parents avaient au d\u00e9part l'intention de s'installer dans ce pays, mais il est \u00e9galement pertinent de savoir combien de temps l'enfant a pass\u00e9 dans ce pays jusqu'\u00e0 la d\u00e9cision de justice, s'il existe des liens culturels avec ce pays ou si l'enfant a la nationalit\u00e9 de ce pays.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Oui, l'\u00e2ge de l'enfant est tr\u00e8s important dans une proc\u00e9dure d'enl\u00e8vement d'enfant. Et lorsque l'enfant est un nourrisson, il est encore plus important de d\u00e9poser une demande de retour le plus t\u00f4t possible.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Vous pouvez lire plus d'informations sur <a href=\"https:\/\/familylawyer-thehague.nl\/fr\/international-child-abduction-2\/\"><strong>enl\u00e8vement international d'enfants <\/strong><\/a>sur notre site, ou sur :<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/carefulchildrelocation.com\/\">www.carefulchildrelocation.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What difference does the age of the child make when it comes to The Hague Convention, and a request to return the child to the country where the child has it\u2019s habitual residence? Article 4 of the Convention First of all, article 4 of the Convention states: the convention ceases to apply when the child [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[165,93,167,168,166,63],"class_list":["post-3981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-blogs","tag-age","tag-child-abduction","tag-child-interview","tag-grave-risk","tag-guardian-ad-litem","tag-habitual-residence"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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